HAND-HEWN TIMBERS: To hew a log is to transform the naturally round log into a timber, with either two or four roughly flat surfaces to yield two-sided or four-sided hand-hewn, respectively. Before sawmills and lumberyards were common, craftsmen used hand tools such, as broad axes and adzes, along with hard work and skill to turn logs into timbers. This arduous work left signature adze marks on the beams, which not only add unique character and authenticity to the product, but also a nod to the lost art of hewing by hand. Many also retain mortise pockets and tenons from their original joinery. Because this material was crafted by hand from locally available logs, the dimensions and species vary.